Introduction: Team-based learning (TBL) is an approach where the learners are organized in groups where they learn from each other. This TBL is a student-centric approach, which ensures active participation of each member and also promotes teamwork and learning ability. Looking at the teacher-centric approach of the conventional teaching–learning (CTL) methods in medical education, where the students are mere passive learners and the sessions can be monotonous, TBL seems to be extremely relevant today as a more student-centric teaching–learning method. Methods: This randomized crossover study was conducted in the department of pathology, at one of the largest government medical colleges, on students of II MBBS, wherein they were exposed to TBL session and their learning outcome and perception was compared to that after CTL method that is lecture (CTL). The data were analyzed using Primer version 6 software. Results: In this study, there was a statistically significant improvement in the score of students after exposure to TBL. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the learning outcome of students of TBL as compared to CTL. The student perception trends reveal a positive tilt toward TBL. Conclusion: Our pilot study concludes that TBL can be used as a supplement to the conventional lectures for improving the learning as well as teamwork and leadership skills of students.

Background: Adolescent girls, in particular, should be encouraged toward practicing hygienic methods during menstruation like usage of sanitary pads and they should get access to clean sanitary products to safeguard their healthObjectives: The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices of menstrual hygiene among the adolescent girls in social welfare hostels and their morbidity pattern during menstruation. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among adolescent girls (11–19 years) residing in the government social welfare hostels, Chittoor. The study was started after obtaining the clearance from the institutation ethical committee. A predesigned, pretested, semistructured questionnaire was used and the data were expressed in proportions and frequencies, and appropriate statistical tests were done to see the association with the age category and morbidity profile. Results: A total of 200 were participated amongst them early adolescent age group (10–14 years) 68 and late adolescent age group (15–19 years) of 132 were involved. Majority of them (82 [41.0%]) reported menstruation as a physiological process, 57 (28.5%) as pathological process, 48 (24.0%) as curse of God, and very few did not know the reason. The source of information was the mother 73 (36.5%), sisters 72 (36.0%), and friends, respectively. More than three-fourth (155 [77.5%]) of the students were absent from the classes during menstruation and 45 (22.5%) students attended the classes regularly. Approximately 172 (86%) of the students had restrictions and the remaining 28 (14%) did not have any restrictions during menstruation. Treatment seeking during menstruation as home remedy was 48 (24.0%), consulting doctor was 64 (32.0), and 88 (44.0%) were not seeking any treatment during menstruation. The association between menstrual morbidities and age-wise distribution is found to be highly significant with χ² = 39.04 and P < 0.001Conclusions: The adolescent school girls had good knowledge and good practices regarding menstrual health among those who had attained menarche. Mothers were the primary source of information and education about menstruation and restrictions should be intensified.

Context: Gastric ultrasound is an emerging point-of-care diagnostic tool to examine stomach contents and determine pulmonary aspiration risk at the bedside. This is helpful in guiding airway and/or anesthetic management in the acute care setting, when nil per oral (NPO) status is doubtful or unknown or patient has conditions or comorbidities that affect gastric emptying. Aims: The objectives of the study were to evaluate and quantify the gastric contents and grade the fullness of the stomach in fasting patients. Settings and Design: This was a prospective, observational, hospital-based, analytical study conducted on surgical patients who presented for elective surgeries who were fasted for 8 hours for solids and 6 hours for clear liquids. Materials and Methods: Adult patients aged between 18 and 70 years of American Society of Anesthesiology physical status 1–3 were included in the study. Gastric ultrasonography was performed, and gastric volume was calculated. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2007 and analyzed using the SPSS software version 22.0. Results: Our study included a total of 80 participants. The mean age in diabetic group was 49.3 ± 16.4 years and in the nondiabetic group 49.4 ± 16.8 years. Despite fasting status, 75% of the participants were found to have Grade 1 (up to 100 ml) gastric contents on ultrasonography. The data were found to be statistically significant with P < 0.05. There was no significant correlation of age and ultrasonography findings. However, body mass index of the patient was found to have strong correlation with gastric content and its volume (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: In the current practice, NPO status, especially for emergency cases is elicited through history which is unreliable and in individuals at higher risk for delayed gastric emptying this may pose greater threat for aspiration. Using gastric ultrasonography as a screening tool before planning, the anesthetic induction and technique can help avoid unnecessary perioperative complications.

Restrictions in movements of all nonessential services have been curtailed in India and worldwide owing to the current COVID-19 situation. This potentiates the use of telemedicine to provide healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Telemedicine which was initially primitive and not very well explored is now emerging to be a safe option for healthcare delivery in the interim. Recently, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in India has come up with a set of guidelines that eases both the doctors and patients. The clarity in regulations provides a boost to the existing private startups that were operating under a grey area until now and would also attract investors to provide the required push to establish these services in India at a national level. Hence, if accepted as a standard model of healthcare delivery in India, telemedicine will help address the COVID-19 situation as well as provide healthcare access in remote areas. Furthermore, with millions of people already using the “Aarogya Setu” mobile app, it serves as a potential platform to integrate a national telemedicine service.

The microscope has been one of the oldest yet most exquisite inventions in human history. The lenses changed the future of medical science and its abstraction forever. Previously, humans never know much about the source of disease, but today, we know that the universe of microbes is vaster and more limitless than it ever was. However, the microscope is not just limited to laboratory in vitro research and study, it has remodeled dentistry more today than ever. This article describes the various types of microscope used in periodontics, endodontics, and oral pathology in dentistry.

This article discusses the scope of lenses and microscopes in dentistry. The modern advancements and prospects soon will change the course of dentistry.

Orbital foreign bodies are still serious diagnostic problem even after the development of diagnostic imaging techniques. We present an interesting case report of a 42-year-old man who presented with a history of sudden loss of vision after sustaining injury to the left eye due to metallic piece while working. Grayscale ultrasound and computed tomography findings are discussed.

Orbital foreign bodies are still serious diagnostic problem even after the development of diagnostic imaging techniques. We present an interesting case report of a 42-year-old man who presented with a history of sudden loss of vision after sustaining injury to the left eye due to metallic piece while working. Grayscale ultrasound and computed tomography findings are discussed.

Measurement of head circumference 2 standard deviations above the age-related mean is called megalencephaly and macrocephaly. A distinction between these two entities is appropriate for proper clinical workup, overall prognosis, and treatment. Macrocephaly is a nonspecific clinical finding without implications about the underlying cause. Megalencephaly is an increased growth of cerebral structures related to dysfunctional anomalies during the various steps of brain development in the neuronal proliferation and/or migration phases or as a consequence of postnatal abnormal events.